NP · Financials(insurance agents, brokers & service) · 4 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-12-31
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Neptune Insurance Holdings Inc. reported revenue of $159.6 million in fiscal 2025. Of the $120.2 million its operations generated over 4 years, 427.5% went to dividends. On the accounting screens, it passes 5 of 8 Piotroski tests and its Altman Z'' of -19.23 is in the distress zone; none of the six cross-checks between its statements fires.
Revenue, fiscal 2025159.6M
Operating margin44.5%gross margin —
Return on invested capital-21.8%-21.9% on average over 2 years
Free cash flow—
Net debt ÷ EBITDANet cash8.0M more cash than debt
Piotroski F-score5/8tests of improvement passed
Is it growing?
Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.
RevenueOperating income
050M100M150M200M
2022
2023Revenue 84.9MOperating income 45.4M
2024Revenue 119.3MOperating income 68.4M
2025Revenue 159.6MOperating income 71.0M
2022202320242025
Does it earn more than its capital costs?
Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.
GrossOperatingNetFree cash flow
0%20%40%60%
2022
2023Operating 53.5%Net 21.1%
2024Operating 57.4%Net 29.0%
2025Operating 44.5%Net 23.4%
2022202320242025
Return on invested capital
Return on invested capital
-30%-20%-10%0%
2022
2023
2024Return on invested capital -22.0%
2025Return on invested capital -21.8%
2022202320242025
Economic profit
Needs a cost of capital, which comes from the valuation below.
Return on equity
—
Return on assets
57.3%
Asset turnover
2.44×
Overheads (SG&A)
6.3% of revenue
Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?
Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.
Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay
010M20M30M40M
2022
2023Net income 17.9M
2024Net income 34.6M
2025Net income 37.4M
2022202320242025
Where 4 years of operating cash went, 2022–2025
120.2M generated by the business. Each band is its share of that total.
Reinvested in the business 0%0
Acquisitions 0%0
Dividends 427%514.0M
Share buybacks 0%0
More than it generated: funded with cash or new debt -327%-393.8M
Over the same years it paid 11.8M in stock.
Per share
Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share
$0$1$2$3$4
2022
2023Earnings per share $0.19Dividend per share $3.63
2024Earnings per share $0.37Dividend per share $0.00
2025Earnings per share $0.36Dividend per share $1.67
2022202320242025
Shares outstanding
Diluted shares
90M95M100M105M
2022
2023Diluted shares 93.5M
2024Diluted shares 93.3M
2025Diluted shares 104.5M
2022202320242025
Debt and liquidity
Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.
Net debt
-50M050M100M150M
2022
2023
2024Net debt 126.6M
2025Net debt -8.0M
2022202320242025
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
—
Interest coverage
4× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
0.99 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
—
Three classic screens of the accounts
Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.
Piotroski F-score
Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.
5of 8 tests passed
✓ProfitableReturn on assets above zeropassed
✓Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zeropassed
✕Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year beforefailed
✓Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals)passed
✓Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fellpassed
✓More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year beforepassed
✕No new sharesShare count did not growfailed
–Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year before — not reportedno data
✕Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year beforefailed
Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.
Altman Z''-score
Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?
-19.23distress zone
1.12.6
Working capital ÷ assets -0.01 × 6.56-0.03
Retained earnings ÷ assets -7.88 × 3.26-25.68
Operating income ÷ assets 1.09 × 6.72+7.30
Equity ÷ liabilities -0.78 × 1.05-0.82
Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.
Beneish M-score
Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?
The accounts lack too many of the lines it needs.
Where the statements disagree
Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.
None of the six cross-checks fires for the latest year: receivables and inventory move with revenue, profit turns into cash, investment keeps up with depreciation, the tax rate is ordinary and debt is moderate.
What is it worth, under which assumptions?
A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.
The SEC accounts lack the lines needed for revenue, free cash flow or the share count, so there is no DCF for this company.
What it has filed lately
The last twelve months at the SEC, most important first: annual and quarterly reports, events, large holders and insiders.
Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 6 filings by 11 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.
Bought on the open market—none in the period
Sold on the open market$121.0M5 sale(s) by 4 insider(s)
Under pre-arranged plans0%of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.
Which large funds report holding it
From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.
Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.
