CR · Industrials(miscellaneous fabricated metal products) · 6 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-12-31
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Crane Co reported revenue of $2.3 billion in fiscal 2025. Of the $501.0 million its operations generated over 6 years, 72.6% went to dividends and 59.9% to buybacks. On the accounting screens, it passes 5 of 9 Piotroski tests, its Altman Z'' of 6.83 is in the safe zone and its Beneish M-score is below the -1.78 line; none of the six cross-checks between its statements fires.
Revenue, fiscal 20252.3B
Operating margin18.4%gross margin 42.2%
Return on invested capital10.1%9.3% on average over 4 years
Free cash flow after stock pay314.1M13.6% of revenue
Net debt ÷ EBITDA1.4×net debt 641.7M
Piotroski F-score5/9tests of improvement passed
Is it growing?
Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.
RevenueOperating income
01B2B3B
2020
2021Revenue 2.1BOperating income 221.7M
2022Revenue 1.8BOperating income 5.3M
2023Revenue 1.9BOperating income 250.4M
2024Revenue 2.1BOperating income 355.8M
2025Revenue 2.3BOperating income 424.2M
202020212022202320242025
Compound growth a year
3 yrs
5 yrs
Revenue
+9.1%
—
Operating income
+331.0%
—
Net income
-3.0%
—
Earnings per share
-3.7%
—
Dividend per share
-21.3%
—
Shares
+0.8%
—
Falling shares are buybacks: each remaining share owns more of the company.
Does it earn more than its capital costs?
Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.
Return on invested capitalCost of capital today · 8.0%
0%5%10%15%
2020
2021
2022Return on invested capital 0.2%
2023Return on invested capital 11.8%
2024Return on invested capital 14.9%
2025Return on invested capital 10.1%
202020212022202320242025
Economic profit
Economic profit
-200M-100M0100M200M
2020
2021
2022Economic profit -180.7M
2023Economic profit 60.2M
2024Economic profit 130.8M
2025Economic profit 67.9M
202020212022202320242025
(return on capital − cost of capital) × capital invested: the profit left after paying for the money used. Today's cost of capital is applied to every year, since a past one cannot be rebuilt honestly.
Return on equity
17.8%
Return on assets
9.5%
Asset turnover
0.60×
Research & development
2.1% of revenue
Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?
Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.
Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay
-750M-500M-250M0250M500M
2020
2021Net income 435.4MFree cash flow 149.8MAfter stock-based pay 128.1M
2022Net income 401.1MFree cash flow -532.1MAfter stock-based pay -553.0M
2023Net income 255.9MFree cash flow 123.1MAfter stock-based pay 97.3M
2024Net income 294.7MFree cash flow 221.2MAfter stock-based pay 195.6M
2025Net income 366.6MFree cash flow 341.3MAfter stock-based pay 314.1M
202020212022202320242025
Where 6 years of operating cash went, 2020–2025
501.0M generated by the business. Each band is its share of that total.
Reinvested in the business 39%197.7M
Acquisitions 58%291.2M
Dividends 73%363.6M
Share buybacks 60%300.0M
More than it generated: funded with cash or new debt -130%-651.5M
Over the same years it paid 121.2M in stock. 178.8M of the buybacks went beyond offsetting that dilution.
Per share
Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share
-$10-$5$0$5$10
2020
2021Earnings per share $7.35Free cash flow per share $2.53Dividend per share $1.70
2022Earnings per share $7.01Free cash flow per share $-9.30Dividend per share $1.85
2023Earnings per share $4.45Free cash flow per share $2.14Dividend per share $1.00
2024Earnings per share $5.05Free cash flow per share $3.79Dividend per share $0.80
2025Earnings per share $6.26Free cash flow per share $5.82Dividend per share $0.90
202020212022202320242025
Shares outstanding
Diluted shares
57.0M57.5M58.0M58.5M59.0M59.5M
2020
2021Diluted shares 59.2M
2022Diluted shares 57.2M
2023Diluted shares 57.5M
2024Diluted shares 58.3M
2025Diluted shares 58.6M
202020212022202320242025
Debt and liquidity
Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.
Net debt
-200M0200M400M600M800M
2020
2021
2022Net debt -27.4M
2023Net debt -81.1M
2024Net debt -59.7M
2025Net debt 641.7M
202020212022202320242025
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
1.4×
Interest coverage
38× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
5.53 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
108 days collects in 57d, stock 103d, pays in 52d
Three classic screens of the accounts
Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.
Piotroski F-score
Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.
5of 9 tests passed
✓ProfitableReturn on assets above zeropassed
✓Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zeropassed
✕Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year beforefailed
✓Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals)passed
✕Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fellfailed
✓More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year beforepassed
✕No new sharesShare count did not growfailed
✓Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year beforepassed
✕Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year beforefailed
Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.
Altman Z''-score
Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?
6.83safe zone
1.12.6
Working capital ÷ assets 0.55 × 6.56+3.59
Retained earnings ÷ assets 0.40 × 3.26+1.30
Operating income ÷ assets 0.11 × 6.72+0.74
Equity ÷ liabilities 1.15 × 1.05+1.21
Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.
Beneish M-score
Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?
-2.72below the -1.78 line
-1.78
Receivables vs sales 0.98+0.90
Gross margin slipping 0.96+0.51
Soft assets 0.70+0.28
Sales growth 1.08+0.96
Slower depreciation 1.07+0.12
Overheads vs sales 1.00 (not reported, set to 1)-0.17
Profit not in cash -0.01-0.03
Leverage rising 1.40-0.46
Where it misleads: fast growth and acquisitions. Sales growth carries a heavy weight, so a company growing 50% a year scores like a suspect without having done anything. It is a screen from a 1999 study, not an accusation.
Where the statements disagree
Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.
None of the six cross-checks fires for the latest year: receivables and inventory move with revenue, profit turns into cash, investment keeps up with depreciation, the tax rate is ordinary and debt is moderate.
What is it worth, under which assumptions?
A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.
Value per share, with these assumptions$55.94discounted at 8.0% a year · 59% of it from after year 10
Type a share price on the left to ask the reverse questions: what growth, what margin or what discount rate that price implies.
What the value implies, in the usual multiples
At this model's value
Price ÷ earnings
8.9×
Enterprise value ÷ EBITDA
8.3×
Enterprise value ÷ revenue
1.7×
Free cash flow yield
9.6%
From cash flows to a value per share
10 years of cash flow, today1.6B
Everything after, today2.3B
The whole business3.9B
Minus net debt-641.7M
What belongs to shareholders3.3B
Divided among 58.6M shares: <strong>$55.94</strong> each.
The projection next to its history
Reported free cash flow after stock pay, then the model's. A projection that looks nothing like the past needs a reason.
ReportedProjected
-750M-500M-250M0250M500M
2020
2021Reported 128.1M
2022Reported -553.0M
2023Reported 97.3M
2024Reported 195.6M
2025Reported 314.1M
2026Projected 212.6M
2027Projected 218.8M
2028Projected 225.2M
2029Projected 231.6M
2030Projected 238.0M
2031Projected 244.5M
2032Projected 251.0M
2033Projected 257.5M
2034Projected 264.1M
2035Projected 270.7M
20202022202420262028203020322034
Year by year
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Revenue
2.4B
2.4B
2.5B
2.6B
2.7B
2.7B
2.8B
2.9B
2.9B
3.0B
Growth
3.0%
2.9%
2.9%
2.8%
2.8%
2.7%
2.7%
2.6%
2.6%
2.5%
Cash margin
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
9.0%
Free cash flow
212.6M
218.8M
225.2M
231.6M
238.0M
244.5M
251.0M
257.5M
264.1M
270.7M
Worth today
196.8M
187.6M
178.7M
170.1M
161.9M
153.9M
146.3M
139.0M
132.0M
125.2M
If the least-known inputs move
Value per share as two inputs change at a time. Neighbouring cells that differ a lot are the conclusion: the value depends on numbers nobody knows to a point.
The discount rate and growth forever
discount ↓ · forever →
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
7.0%
58
64
71
80
91
7.5%
52
57
63
69
78
8.0%
48
51
56
61
68
8.5%
43
47
50
55
60
9.0%
40
42
46
49
54
Year-one growth and the final margin
margin ↓ · growth →
-1.0%
1.0%
3.0%
5.0%
7.0%
7.2%
36
41
45
50
55
8.1%
41
46
51
56
62
9.0%
45
50
56
62
68
9.8%
50
55
61
68
75
10.8%
54
60
67
74
81
All the inputs moving at once
5,000 valuations, each with growth, final margin, discount rate and growth forever drawn at random around the values on the left (spreads of 3.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5%). Not a probability — the spreads are assumptions too — but an honest picture of how wide the answer is.
10th percentile$35.36
Median$55.90
90th percentile$88.51
$50.00$100.00
Half of the simulations land between <b>$44.26</b> and <b>$70.95</b>; one in ten below $35.36, one in ten above $88.51.
Does the long run make sense?
8.1×The terminal value prices the business in year 10 at 8.1 times that year's EBITDA.
7%To grow 2.5% forever while reinvesting 37% of its after-tax operating profit, the business must earn 7% on the new capital — it has earned 9% on average over the last five years.
59%of the value comes from after year 10. The more of it, the more the answer depends on the part nobody can see.
Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 6 filings by 3 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.
Bought on the open market$26,6071 purchase(s) by 1 insider(s)
Sold on the open market$220,3002 sale(s) by 1 insider(s)
Under pre-arranged plans0%of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.
Which large funds report holding it
From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.
Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.
