WHR · Consumer discretionary(household appliances) · 10 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-12-31
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Whirlpool Corp reported revenue of $15.5 billion in fiscal 2025, after shrinking 3.2% a year over the previous 9 years. Its operating margin narrowed from 6.6% in 2016 to 5.4%, and it earned 6.8% on its invested capital in the latest year. Of the $12.2 billion its operations generated over 10 years, 43.9% went back into the business and 38.4% to buybacks; the share count fell 27.2%. On the accounting screens, it passes 5 of 9 Piotroski tests, its Altman Z'' of 0.19 is in the distress zone and its Beneish M-score is below the -1.78 line; 1 of the six cross-checks between its statements fires.
Revenue, fiscal 202515.5B-3.2% a year over 9 years
Operating margin5.4%gross margin 15.4%
Return on invested capital6.8%4.6% on average over 5 years
Free cash flow after stock pay-56.0M-0.4% of revenue
Net debt ÷ EBITDA4.7×net debt 5.5B
Piotroski F-score5/9tests of improvement passed
Is it growing?
Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.
RevenueOperating income
-10B010B20B30B
2016Revenue 20.7BOperating income 1.4B
2017Revenue 21.3BOperating income 1.1B
2018Revenue 21.0BOperating income 279.0M
2019Revenue 20.4BOperating income 1.5B
2020Revenue 19.5BOperating income 1.6B
2021Revenue 22.0BOperating income 2.3B
2022Revenue 19.7BOperating income -1.1B
2023Revenue 19.5BOperating income 1.0B
2024Revenue 16.6BOperating income 143.0M
2025Revenue 15.5BOperating income 838.0M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Compound growth a year
3 yrs
5 yrs
9 yrs
Revenue
-7.7%
-4.4%
-3.2%
Operating income
—
-12.3%
-5.3%
Net income
—
-21.6%
-10.8%
Earnings per share
—
-19.7%
-7.6%
Free cash flow per share
-53.9%
-39.1%
-16.1%
Dividend per share
-8.5%
+1.7%
+3.8%
Shares
+0.2%
-2.4%
-3.5%
Falling shares are buybacks: each remaining share owns more of the company.
Does it earn more than its capital costs?
Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.
Return on invested capitalCost of capital today · 5.9%
-20%0%20%40%
2016Return on invested capital 12.4%
2017Return on invested capital 4.8%
2018Return on invested capital 29.0%
2019Return on invested capital 15.2%
2020Return on invested capital 12.9%
2021Return on invested capital 18.1%
2022Return on invested capital -12.9%
2023Return on invested capital 9.2%
2024Return on invested capital 1.6%
2025Return on invested capital 6.8%
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Economic profit
Economic profit
-2B-1B01B2B
2016Economic profit 594.7M
2017Economic profit -98.9M
2018Economic profit 1.7B
2019Economic profit 729.6M
2020Economic profit 641.8M
2021Economic profit 1.2B
2022Economic profit -1.9B
2023Economic profit 316.6M
2024Economic profit -399.1M
2025Economic profit 81.1M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
(return on capital − cost of capital) × capital invested: the profit left after paying for the money used. Today's cost of capital is applied to every year, since a past one cannot be rebuilt honestly.
Return on equity
11.7%
Return on assets
2.0%
Asset turnover
0.97×
Research & development
2.4% of revenue
Overheads (SG&A)
10.5% of revenue
Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?
Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.
Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay
-2B-1B01B2B
2016Net income 888.0MFree cash flow 543.0MAfter stock-based pay 504.0M
2017Net income 350.0MFree cash flow 580.0MAfter stock-based pay 532.0M
2018Net income -183.0MFree cash flow 639.0MAfter stock-based pay 588.0M
2019Net income 1.2BFree cash flow 698.0MAfter stock-based pay 648.0M
2020Net income 1.1BFree cash flow 1.1BAfter stock-based pay 1.0B
2021Net income 1.8BFree cash flow 1.7BAfter stock-based pay 1.6B
2022Net income -1.5BFree cash flow 820.0MAfter stock-based pay 762.0M
2023Net income 481.0MFree cash flow 366.0MAfter stock-based pay 332.0M
2024Net income -323.0MFree cash flow 384.0MAfter stock-based pay 293.0M
2025Net income 318.0MFree cash flow 81.0MAfter stock-based pay -56.0M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Where 10 years of operating cash went, 2016–2025
12.2B generated by the business. Each band is its share of that total.
Reinvested in the business 44%5.4B
Acquisitions 25%3.1B
Dividends 27%3.3B
Share buybacks 38%4.7B
More than it generated: funded with cash or new debt -35%-4.2B
Over the same years it paid 657.0M in stock. The share count fell 27.2%. 4.0B of the buybacks went beyond offsetting that dilution.
Per share
Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share
-$40-$20$0$20$40
2016Earnings per share $11.50Free cash flow per share $7.03Dividend per share $3.81
2017Earnings per share $4.70Free cash flow per share $7.80Dividend per share $4.19
2018Earnings per share $-2.72Free cash flow per share $9.51Dividend per share $4.55
2019Earnings per share $18.19Free cash flow per share $10.87Dividend per share $4.75
2020Earnings per share $16.98Free cash flow per share $17.22Dividend per share $4.91
2021Earnings per share $28.35Free cash flow per share $26.25Dividend per share $5.37
2022Earnings per share $-27.17Free cash flow per share $14.67Dividend per share $6.98
2023Earnings per share $8.71Free cash flow per share $6.63Dividend per share $6.96
2024Earnings per share $-5.86Free cash flow per share $6.97Dividend per share $6.97
2025Earnings per share $5.66Free cash flow per share $1.44Dividend per share $5.34
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Shares outstanding
Diluted shares
50M60M70M80M
2016Diluted shares 77.2M
2017Diluted shares 74.4M
2018Diluted shares 67.2M
2019Diluted shares 64.2M
2020Diluted shares 63.3M
2021Diluted shares 62.9M
2022Diluted shares 55.9M
2023Diluted shares 55.2M
2024Diluted shares 55.1M
2025Diluted shares 56.2M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Debt and liquidity
Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.
Net debt
02B4B6B
2016Net debt 3.4B
2017Net debt 3.6B
2018Net debt 3.5B
2019Net debt 2.7B
2020Net debt 2.4B
2021Net debt 2.2B
2022Net debt 5.7B
2023Net debt 5.6B
2024Net debt 5.3B
2025Net debt 5.5B
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
4.7×
Interest coverage
2× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
0.76 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
-9 days collects in 30d, stock 64d, pays in 103d
Three classic screens of the accounts
Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.
Piotroski F-score
Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.
5of 9 tests passed
✓ProfitableReturn on assets above zeropassed
✓Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zeropassed
✓Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year beforepassed
✓Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals)passed
✕Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fellfailed
✓More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year beforepassed
✕No new sharesShare count did not growfailed
✕Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year beforefailed
✕Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year beforefailed
Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.
Altman Z''-score
Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?
0.19distress zone
1.12.6
Working capital ÷ assets -0.10 × 6.56-0.65
Retained earnings ÷ assets 0.08 × 3.26+0.27
Operating income ÷ assets 0.05 × 6.72+0.35
Equity ÷ liabilities 0.21 × 1.05+0.22
Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.
Beneish M-score
Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?
-2.55below the -1.78 line
-1.78
Receivables vs sales 1.04+0.95
Gross margin slipping 1.01+0.53
Soft assets 1.03+0.42
Sales growth 0.93+0.83
Slower depreciation 0.96+0.11
Overheads vs sales 1.04-0.18
Profit not in cash -0.01-0.04
Leverage rising 1.02-0.33
Where it misleads: fast growth and acquisitions. Sales growth carries a heavy weight, so a company growing 50% a year scores like a suspect without having done anything. It is a screen from a 1999 study, not an accusation.
Where the statements disagree
Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.
Net debt is 4.7 times EBITDA.
Benign
A stable sector with predictable cash flows and comfortable maturities.
Worrying
Little room if earnings fall; the maturity schedule is what to check.
What is it worth, under which assumptions?
A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.
Value per share, with these assumptions$66.86discounted at 5.9% a year · 70% of it from after year 10
Type a share price on the left to ask the reverse questions: what growth, what margin or what discount rate that price implies.
What the value implies, in the usual multiples
At this model's value
Price ÷ earnings
11.8×
Enterprise value ÷ EBITDA
7.9×
Enterprise value ÷ revenue
0.6×
Free cash flow yield
-1.5%
From cash flows to a value per share
10 years of cash flow, today2.8B
Everything after, today6.5B
The whole business9.3B
Minus net debt-5.5B
What belongs to shareholders3.8B
Divided among 56.2M shares: <strong>$66.86</strong> each.
The projection next to its history
Reported free cash flow after stock pay, then the model's. A projection that looks nothing like the past needs a reason.
ReportedProjected
-0.5B00.5B1.0B1.5B2.0B
2016Reported 504.0M
2017Reported 532.0M
2018Reported 588.0M
2019Reported 648.0M
2020Reported 1.0B
2021Reported 1.6B
2022Reported 762.0M
2023Reported 332.0M
2024Reported 293.0M
2025Reported -56.0M
2026Projected 405.6M
2027Projected 390.5M
2028Projected 379.0M
2029Projected 370.8M
2030Projected 365.6M
2031Projected 363.4M
2032Projected 364.0M
2033Projected 367.4M
2034Projected 373.8M
2035Projected 383.1M
2016201820202022202420262028203020322034
Year by year
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Revenue
14.8B
14.3B
13.9B
13.6B
13.4B
13.3B
13.3B
13.4B
13.7B
14.0B
Growth
-4.5%
-3.7%
-2.9%
-2.2%
-1.4%
-0.6%
0.2%
0.9%
1.7%
2.5%
Cash margin
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
Free cash flow
405.6M
390.5M
379.0M
370.8M
365.6M
363.4M
364.0M
367.4M
373.8M
383.1M
Worth today
382.9M
348.1M
318.9M
294.6M
274.3M
257.4M
243.4M
232.0M
222.8M
215.6M
If the least-known inputs move
Value per share as two inputs change at a time. Neighbouring cells that differ a lot are the conclusion: the value depends on numbers nobody knows to a point.
The discount rate and growth forever
discount ↓ · forever →
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.9%
72
97
133
187
278
5.4%
51
70
94
129
182
5.9%
35
49
67
91
125
6.4%
22
33
46
64
88
6.9%
11
20
30
44
61
Year-one growth and the final margin
margin ↓ · growth →
-8.5%
-6.5%
-4.5%
-2.5%
-0.5%
2.2%
16
27
39
52
66
2.5%
27
39
53
67
83
2.7%
39
52
67
83
100
3.0%
50
65
81
98
117
3.3%
61
77
95
114
134
All the inputs moving at once
4,915 valuations, each with growth, final margin, discount rate and growth forever drawn at random around the values on the left (spreads of 3.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5%). Not a probability — the spreads are assumptions too — but an honest picture of how wide the answer is.
10th percentile$-62.85
Median$64.94
90th percentile$262.54
$0.00$200.00$400.00
Half of the simulations land between <b>$-6.00</b> and <b>$151.50</b>; one in ten below $-62.85, one in ten above $262.54.
Does the long run make sense?
10.8×The terminal value prices the business in year 10 at 10.8 times that year's EBITDA.
8%To grow 2.5% forever while reinvesting 30% of its after-tax operating profit, the business must earn 8% on the new capital — it has earned 5% on average over the last five years.
70%of the value comes from after year 10. The more of it, the more the answer depends on the part nobody can see.
Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 6 filings by 6 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.
Bought on the open market—none in the period
Sold on the open market—none in the period
Under pre-arranged plans—of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.
Which large funds report holding it
From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.
Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.