ROAD · Industrials(heavy construction other than bldg const - contractors) · 10 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-09-30
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Construction Partners, Inc. reported revenue of $2.8 billion in fiscal 2025, after growing 19.4% a year over the previous 9 years. Its operating margin held steady at about 8.0% from 2017, and it earned 6.7% on its invested capital in the latest year. Of the $996.0 million its operations generated over 10 years, 193.2% went to acquisitions and 61.4% back into the business; the share count rose 33.3%. On the accounting screens, it passes 5 of 9 Piotroski tests, its Altman Z'' of 2.01 is in the grey zone and its Beneish M-score is below the -1.78 line; 1 of the six cross-checks between its statements fires.
Revenue, fiscal 20252.8B+19.4% a year over 9 years
Operating margin8.0%gross margin 15.6%
Return on invested capital6.7%5.6% on average over 5 years
Free cash flow after stock pay116.4M4.1% of revenue
Net debt ÷ EBITDA3.9×net debt 1.5B
Piotroski F-score5/9tests of improvement passed
Share counts are in today's shares. The SEC's filings restate only recent years after a split, so these jumps were read as splits and the older years scaled to match — otherwise per-share figures would compare different units:
1-for-2 before fiscal 2019; 1-for-4 before fiscal 2018.
Is it growing?
Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.
RevenueOperating income
01.0B2.0B3.0B
2017Revenue 568.2MOperating income 46.6M
2018
2018Revenue 680.1MOperating income 61.4M
2019Revenue 783.2MOperating income 57.1M
2020Revenue 785.7MOperating income 55.2M
2021Revenue 910.7MOperating income 30.1M
2022Revenue 1.3BOperating income 35.4M
2023Revenue 1.6BOperating income 81.9M
2024Revenue 1.8BOperating income 111.2M
2025Revenue 2.8BOperating income 224.8M
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
Compound growth a year
3 yrs
5 yrs
9 yrs
Revenue
+29.3%
+29.1%
+19.4%
Operating income
+85.2%
+32.4%
+19.1%
Net income
+68.2%
+20.4%
+16.4%
Earnings per share
+64.7%
+18.7%
+12.7%
Free cash flow per share
—
+22.1%
+19.9%
Shares
+2.1%
+1.4%
+3.2%
Falling shares are buybacks: each remaining share owns more of the company.
Does it earn more than its capital costs?
Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.
Return on invested capitalCost of capital today · 6.4%
0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%
2017Return on invested capital 14.2%
2018
2018Return on invested capital 14.0%
2019Return on invested capital 10.9%
2020Return on invested capital 8.5%
2021Return on invested capital 3.4%
2022Return on invested capital 3.2%
2023Return on invested capital 6.9%
2024Return on invested capital 7.7%
2025Return on invested capital 6.7%
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
Economic profit
Economic profit
-40.0M-20.0M020.0M40.0M
2017Economic profit 16.4M
2018
2018Economic profit 27.5M
2019Economic profit 17.7M
2020Economic profit 10.3M
2021Economic profit -18.6M
2022Economic profit -26.3M
2023Economic profit 4.4M
2024Economic profit 13.9M
2025Economic profit 9.0M
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
(return on capital − cost of capital) × capital invested: the profit left after paying for the money used. Today's cost of capital is applied to every year, since a past one cannot be rebuilt honestly.
Return on equity
11.2%
Return on assets
3.1%
Asset turnover
0.87×
Overheads (SG&A)
7.1% of revenue
Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?
Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.
Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay
-100.0M0100.0M200.0M
2017Net income 26.0MFree cash flow 22.5MAfter stock-based pay 22.0M
2018
2018Net income 50.8MFree cash flow 23.3MAfter stock-based pay 22.3M
2019Net income 43.1MFree cash flow 12.8MAfter stock-based pay 11.8M
2020Net income 40.3MFree cash flow 52.6MAfter stock-based pay 51.0M
2021Net income 20.2MFree cash flow -7.8MAfter stock-based pay -11.4M
2022Net income 21.4MFree cash flow -52.4MAfter stock-based pay -60.4M
2023Net income 49.0MFree cash flow 59.3MAfter stock-based pay 48.6M
2024Net income 68.9MFree cash flow 121.1MAfter stock-based pay 106.7M
2025Net income 101.8MFree cash flow 153.4MAfter stock-based pay 116.4M
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
Where 10 years of operating cash went, 2017–2025
996.0M generated by the business. Each band is its share of that total.
Reinvested in the business 61%611.1M
Acquisitions 193%1.9B
Dividends 3%31.3M
Share buybacks 4%35.0M
More than it generated: funded with cash or new debt -161%-1.6B
Over the same years it paid 77.7M in stock. The share count rose 33.3%. The buybacks did not even cover what was handed out in stock.
Per share
Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share
$-2.00$-1.00$0.00$1.00$2.00$3.00
2017Earnings per share $0.63Free cash flow per share $0.54Dividend per share $0.75
2018
2018Earnings per share $1.11Free cash flow per share $0.51Dividend per share $0.00
2019Earnings per share $0.84Free cash flow per share $0.25
2020Earnings per share $0.78Free cash flow per share $1.02
2021Earnings per share $0.39Free cash flow per share $-0.15
2022Earnings per share $0.41Free cash flow per share $-1.01
2023Earnings per share $0.94Free cash flow per share $1.14
2024Earnings per share $1.31Free cash flow per share $2.30
2025Earnings per share $1.84Free cash flow per share $2.77
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
Shares outstanding
Diluted shares
020.0M40.0M60.0M
2017Diluted shares 41.6M
2018Diluted shares 5.6M
2018Diluted shares 45.9M
2019Diluted shares 51.4M
2020Diluted shares 51.6M
2021Diluted shares 51.8M
2022Diluted shares 52.0M
2023Diluted shares 52.3M
2024Diluted shares 52.6M
2025Diluted shares 55.4M
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
How strong is the balance sheet?
Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.
Net debt
-500.0M0500.0M1.0B1.5B
2017Net debt 29.6M
2018
2018Net debt -36.2M
2019Net debt -30.6M
2020Net debt -56.3M
2021Net debt 158.9M
2022Net debt 340.0M
2023Net debt 327.5M
2024Net debt 438.8M
2025Net debt 1.5B
2017201820182019202020212022202320242025
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
3.9×
Interest coverage
2× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
1.61 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
—
Three classic screens of the accounts
Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.
Piotroski F-score
Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.
5of 9 tests passed
✓ProfitableReturn on assets above zeropassed
✓Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zeropassed
✕Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year beforefailed
✓Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals)passed
✕Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fellfailed
✓More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year beforepassed
✕No new sharesShare count did not growfailed
✓Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year beforepassed
✕Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year beforefailed
Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.
Altman Z''-score
Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?
2.01grey zone
1.12.6
Working capital ÷ assets 0.11 × 6.56+0.71
Retained earnings ÷ assets 0.13 × 3.26+0.42
Operating income ÷ assets 0.07 × 6.72+0.47
Equity ÷ liabilities 0.39 × 1.05+0.41
Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.
Beneish M-score
Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?
-2.08below the -1.78 line
-1.78
Receivables vs sales 1.00 (not reported, set to 1)+0.92
Gross margin slipping 0.91+0.48
Soft assets 1.67+0.68
Sales growth 1.54+1.38
Slower depreciation 1.02+0.12
Overheads vs sales 0.88-0.15
Profit not in cash -0.06-0.27
Leverage rising 1.18-0.39
Where it misleads: fast growth and acquisitions. Sales growth carries a heavy weight, so a company growing 50% a year scores like a suspect without having done anything. It is a screen from a 1999 study, not an accusation.
Where the statements disagree
Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.
Net debt is 3.9 times EBITDA.
Benign
A stable sector with predictable cash flows and comfortable maturities.
Worrying
Little room if earnings fall; the maturity schedule is what to check.
What is it worth, under which assumptions?
A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.
Value per share, with these assumptions$137.66discounted at 6.4% a year · 74% of it from after year 10
Type a share price on the left to ask the reverse questions: what growth, what margin or what discount rate that price implies.
What the value implies, in the usual multiples
At this model's value
Price ÷ earnings
74.9×
Enterprise value ÷ EBITDA
24.6×
Enterprise value ÷ revenue
3.2×
Free cash flow yield
1.5%
From cash flows to a value per share
10 years of cash flow, today2.3B
Everything after, today6.8B
The whole business9.1B
Minus net debt-1.5B
What belongs to shareholders7.6B
Divided among 55.4M shares: <strong>$137.66</strong> each.
The projection next to its history
Reported free cash flow after stock pay, then the model's. A projection that looks nothing like the past needs a reason.
ReportedProjected
-200.0M0200.0M400.0M600.0M
2017Reported 22.0M
2018
2018Reported 22.3M
2019Reported 11.8M
2020Reported 51.0M
2021Reported -11.4M
2022Reported -60.4M
2023Reported 48.6M
2024Reported 106.7M
2025Reported 116.4M
2026Projected 167.0M
2027Projected 204.6M
2028Projected 245.5M
2029Projected 288.5M
2030Projected 331.8M
2031Projected 373.2M
2032Projected 410.6M
2033Projected 441.4M
2034Projected 463.4M
2035Projected 475.0M
2017201820202022202420262028203020322034
Year by year
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Revenue
3.5B
4.3B
5.2B
6.1B
7.0B
7.9B
8.6B
9.3B
9.8B
10.0B
Growth
25.0%
22.5%
20.0%
17.5%
15.0%
12.5%
10.0%
7.5%
5.0%
2.5%
Cash margin
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
Free cash flow
167.0M
204.6M
245.5M
288.5M
331.8M
373.2M
410.6M
441.4M
463.4M
475.0M
Worth today
157.0M
180.8M
203.9M
225.2M
243.5M
257.5M
266.2M
269.0M
265.5M
255.8M
If the least-known inputs move
Value per share as two inputs change at a time. Neighbouring cells that differ a lot are the conclusion: the value depends on numbers nobody knows to a point.
The discount rate and growth forever
discount ↓ · forever →
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
5.4%
144
168
199
243
312
5.9%
123
141
164
195
238
6.4%
107
120
138
160
190
6.9%
93
104
118
135
157
7.4%
82
91
102
115
132
Year-one growth and the final margin
margin ↓ · growth →
21.0%
23.0%
25.0%
27.0%
29.0%
3.8%
88
98
108
119
131
4.3%
101
112
123
135
149
4.8%
113
125
138
151
166
5.2%
126
139
152
167
183
5.7%
138
152
167
183
200
All the inputs moving at once
4,967 valuations, each with growth, final margin, discount rate and growth forever drawn at random around the values on the left (spreads of 3.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5%). Not a probability — the spreads are assumptions too — but an honest picture of how wide the answer is.
10th percentile$52.85
Median$136.23
90th percentile$278.64
$0.00$200.00$400.00
Half of the simulations land between <b>$89.96</b> and <b>$200.72</b>; one in ten below $52.85, one in ten above $278.64.
Does the long run make sense?
9.6×The terminal value prices the business in year 10 at 9.6 times that year's EBITDA.
12%To grow 2.5% forever while reinvesting 21% of its after-tax operating profit, the business must earn 12% on the new capital — it has earned 6% on average over the last five years.
74%of the value comes from after year 10. The more of it, the more the answer depends on the part nobody can see.
Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 6 filings by 5 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.
Bought on the open market—none in the period
Sold on the open market—none in the period
Under pre-arranged plans—of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.
Which large funds report holding it
From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.
Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.