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Fastly, Inc.

FSLY · Technology (services-prepackaged software) · 10 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-12-31

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Fastly, Inc. reported revenue of $624.0 million in fiscal 2025. On the accounting screens, it passes 6 of 9 Piotroski tests, its Altman Z'' of 0.12 is in the distress zone and its Beneish M-score is below the -1.78 line; 2 of the six cross-checks between its statements fire.

Revenue, fiscal 2025 624.0M  
Operating margin -19.1% gross margin 57.1%
Return on invested capital -9.4% -12.7% on average over 5 years
Free cash flow after stock pay -51.6M -8.3% of revenue
Net debt ÷ EBITDA -3.1× net debt 181.3M
Piotroski F-score 6/9 tests of improvement passed

Share counts are in today's shares. The SEC's filings restate only recent years after a split, so these jumps were read as splits and the older years scaled to match — otherwise per-share figures would compare different units: 4-for-1 before fiscal 2019.

Is it growing?

Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.

RevenueOperating income
Compound growth a year
3 yrs5 yrs9 yrs
Revenue+13.0%+16.5%—
Shares+6.5%+7.2%—

Falling shares are buybacks: each remaining share owns more of the company.

Does it earn more than its capital costs?

Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.

GrossOperatingNetFree cash flow

Return on invested capital

Return on invested capital

Economic profit

Needs a cost of capital, which comes from the valuation below.

Return on equity
-13.1%
Return on assets
-8.1%
Asset turnover
0.42×
Research & development
26.1% of revenue
Overheads (SG&A)
17.7% of revenue

Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?

Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.

Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay

Per share

Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share

Shares outstanding

Diluted shares

Debt and liquidity

Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.

Net debt
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
-3.1×
Interest coverage
-9× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
2.61 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
— collects in 69d

Three classic screens of the accounts

Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.

Piotroski F-score

Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.

6of 9 tests passed
  • ProfitableReturn on assets above zero failed
  • Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zero passed
  • Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year before passed
  • Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals) passed
  • Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fell passed
  • More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year before failed
  • No new sharesShare count did not grow failed
  • Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year before passed
  • Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year before passed

Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.

Altman Z''-score

Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?

0.12distress zone
  • Working capital ÷ assets 0.21 × 6.56+1.37
  • Retained earnings ÷ assets -0.74 × 3.26-2.42
  • Operating income ÷ assets -0.08 × 6.72-0.53
  • Equity ÷ liabilities 1.63 × 1.05+1.71

Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.

Beneish M-score

Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?

-3.17below the -1.78 line
  • Receivables vs sales 0.89+0.82
  • Gross margin slipping 0.95+0.50
  • Soft assets 1.00 (not reported, set to 1)+0.40
  • Sales growth 1.15+1.02
  • Slower depreciation 1.00 (not reported, set to 1)+0.12
  • Overheads vs sales 0.85-0.15
  • Profit not in cash -0.14-0.67
  • Leverage rising 1.13-0.37

Where it misleads: fast growth and acquisitions. Sales growth carries a heavy weight, so a company growing 50% a year scores like a suspect without having done anything. It is a screen from a 1999 study, not an accusation.

Where the statements disagree

Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.

Capital spending (29M) is well below depreciation (61M).

Benign

Mature assets, or a business that has become less capital-intensive.

Worrying

Under-investing: today's profit is being held up by consuming tomorrow's capacity.

The effective tax rate is -2.1%.

Benign

A favourable geographic mix, or legitimate tax credits.

Worrying

Not sustainable; projecting it forward inflates the valuation.

What is it worth, under which assumptions?

A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.

Revenue
M $

revenue of fiscal 2025

%

revenue grew +16.5% a year over the last 5 years; it fades to the terminal rate by the last year

yrs

ten years for growth to fade to the terminal rate

Cash from each sale
%

free cash flow to the firm after stock-based pay ÷ revenue, last 3 fiscal years together

%

the margin in year ten; by default the business keeps today's

The long run
%

growth forever after year ten, below the risk-free rate: no company outgrows the economy forever

The discount rate
%

10-year US Treasury par yield (U.S. Treasury), 2026-09-29

not measured on this public page, which uses only public filings: 1.0 assumes it moves like the market. Sign in to measure it from prices

%

the extra return demanded for holding shares; it cannot be measured, and 4–6% is the common range

%

interest expense ÷ debt = 3.5%, kept between the risk-free rate and +8 points

%

effective rate in the last fiscal year, -2.1%, kept within 0–35%

The price
$

Type the price you see at your broker. It is used only for the reverse questions: what that price implies.

Back to the defaults

SEC from the filings Treasury the 10-year yield measured from prices assumption cannot be measured yours you changed it

With a free cash flow margin at or below zero in year ten, the business never generates cash for its owners and a DCF says nothing useful. Set a positive margin for year ten to see what it would take.

What it has filed lately

The last twelve months at the SEC, most important first: annual and quarterly reports, events, large holders and insiders.

Event 2026-08-17
Signed a material agreement; took on a financial obligation
Results 2026-08-05
Reported results; published information for investors
Quarterly 2026-08-05
Quarterly report
Event 2026-06-09
Changed a director or officer; published the results of a shareholder vote
Results 2026-05-06
Reported results
Quarterly 2026-05-06
Quarterly report
Event 2026-03-05
Changed auditor
Annual 2026-02-25
Annual report
Estimatein 37d
Results for the period ending 2026-09-29

What its own directors and officers did

Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 9 filings by 4 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.

Bought on the open market—none in the period
Sold on the open market$19.6M22 sale(s) by 4 insider(s)
Under pre-arranged plans91%of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
Other lines00 awards · 0 option exercises · 0 tax withholdings
DateWhoWhatSharesPriceValueHolds after
23 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 24,300 $29.17 $708,831 1.5M
23 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 262,185 $30.15 $7.9M 1.2M
23 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 85,517 $30.65 $2.6M 1.1M
23 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 7,600 $28.04 $213,104 1.5M
22 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 27,900 $27.82 $776,178 1.5M
21 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 1,100 $26.62 $29,282 1.6M
21 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 45,646 $27.51 $1.3M 1.5M
21 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 2,400 $25.32 $60,768 1.6M
17 Sep 2026 Ford JeffreyPrincipal Accounting Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 6,338 $25.37 $160,795 249,861
17 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 2,200 $25.30 $55,660 1.6M
17 Sep 2026 Ford JeffreyPrincipal Accounting Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 2,000 $23.57 $47,140 293,693
17 Sep 2026 Ford JeffreyPrincipal Accounting Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 37,494 $24.58 $921,603 256,199
17 Sep 2026 Lovett Scott R.President, Go to Market Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 1,800 $23.56 $42,408 1.3M
17 Sep 2026 Lovett Scott R.President, Go to Market Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 34,325 $24.58 $843,708 1.3M
17 Sep 2026 Lovett Scott R.President, Go to Market Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 5,690 $25.38 $144,412 1.3M
16 Sep 2026 Ford JeffreyPrincipal Accounting Officer Sold on the open market 37,091 $23.84 $884,249 295,693
16 Sep 2026 Lovett Scott R.President, Go to Market Sold on the open market 34,820 $23.85 $830,457 1.3M
15 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 2,500 $25.14 $62,850 1.6M
14 Sep 2026 Compton Charles Lacey IiiCEO Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan 50,392 $24.93 $1.3M 851,949
14 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 23,879 $24.54 $585,991 1.6M
14 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 2,700 $23.60 $63,720 1.6M
14 Sep 2026 Bergman ArturChief Technology Officer Sold on the open market · pre-arranged plan · indirect 4,500 $25.02 $112,590 1.6M

A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.

Which large funds report holding it

From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.

FundSharesValueShare of the fundSince the quarter before
Tudor Investment 30 Jun 2026 164,334 $3.0M 0.0% Reduced

All the funds and what they reported ›

Companies like this one

Same SEC industry (services-prepackaged software) first, then the rest of technology.

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Every figure, year by year

10 fiscal years · 30 measures
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Size
Revenue—104.9M144.6M200.5M290.9M354.3M432.7M506.0M543.7M624.0M
Revenue growth——+37.8%+38.7%+45.1%+21.8%+22.1%+16.9%+7.4%+14.8%
Operating income—-31.0M-29.1M-46.5M-107.2M-219.0M-246.2M-198.0M-167.9M-119.0M
Net income—-32.5M-30.9M-51.5M-95.9M-222.7M-190.8M-133.1M-158.1M-121.7M
Margins
Gross margin—53.6%54.7%55.9%58.7%52.9%48.5%52.6%54.4%57.1%
Operating margin—-29.6%-20.2%-23.2%-36.9%-61.8%-56.9%-39.1%-30.9%-19.1%
Net margin—-30.9%-21.4%-25.7%-33.0%-62.9%-44.1%-26.3%-29.1%-19.5%
Free cash flow margin—-36.2%-23.3%-22.9%-17.0%-20.7%-20.7%-2.1%1.1%10.5%
R&D ÷ revenue—27.6%23.9%23.2%25.7%35.8%35.9%30.1%25.4%26.1%
SG&A ÷ revenue—16.6%16.2%20.5%35.1%35.8%27.9%22.9%20.9%17.7%
Cash
Free cash flow—-38.0M-33.7M-45.9M-49.5M-73.3M-89.6M-10.6M6.1M65.8M
Stock-based pay—2.8M4.1M12.1M64.4M140.5M145.8M136.3M107.9M117.3M
Free cash flow after stock pay—-40.8M-37.8M-58.1M-113.9M-213.8M-235.4M-146.9M-101.9M-51.6M
Free cash flow to the firm—-33.7M-32.6M-55.2M-136.8M-239.4M-253.1M-187.8M-122.1M-79.7M
Free cash flow ÷ net income—1.2×1.1×0.9×0.5×0.3×0.5×0.1×-0.0×-0.5×
Capex ÷ revenue—11.5%11.6%7.3%10.2%9.8%4.6%2.2%1.9%4.6%
Returns
Return on invested capital———-16.9%-11.2%-11.3%-14.8%-15.0%-13.1%-9.4%
Return on equity———-20.0%-9.0%-22.0%-20.0%-13.6%-16.4%-13.1%
Return on assets——-19.0%-16.1%-7.9%-10.3%-10.1%-8.7%-10.9%-8.1%
Asset turnover——0.9×0.6×0.2×0.2×0.2×0.3×0.4×0.4×
Economic profit——————————
Per share
Earnings per share——$-0.31$-0.75$-0.93$-1.92$-1.57$-1.03$-1.14$-0.83
Free cash flow per share——$-0.34$-0.67$-0.48$-0.63$-0.74$-0.08$0.04$0.45
Dividend per share——————————
Payout ratio——————————
Book value per share——$-1.32$2.72$9.35$8.53$7.68$7.37$6.79$6.33
Diluted shares——100.1M68.3M103.6M116.1M121.7M128.8M138.1M146.9M
Balance sheet
Net debt———3.9M-62.9M767.1M561.3M235.6M51.4M181.3M
Net debt ÷ EBITDA———-0.1×0.7×-4.0×-2.8×-1.6×-0.5×-3.1×
Interest coverage—-27.8×-16.1×-8.9×-69.2×-41.8×-41.8×-48.9×-73.0×-9.4×
Current ratio——3.7×6.7×2.8×4.7×4.2×3.1×4.2×2.6×
Cash conversion cycle (days)——————————
Scores
Piotroski F-score—025424656
Altman Z''——-2.535.686.590.970.660.590.590.12
Beneish M———-2.015.13-4.37-2.34-2.52-3.06-3.17

Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.