FELE · Technology(motors & generators) · 10 years of annual accounts filed with the SEC · latest fiscal year ended 2025-12-31
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Franklin Electric Co Inc reported revenue of $2.1 billion in fiscal 2025, after growing 9.4% a year over the previous 9 years. Its operating margin held steady at about 12.6% from 2016, and it earned 15.2% on its invested capital in the latest year. Of the $1.7 billion its operations generated over 10 years, 32.4% went to acquisitions and 23.6% to buybacks; the share count fell 2.6%. On the accounting screens, it passes 6 of 9 Piotroski tests, its Altman Z'' of 7.05 is in the safe zone and its Beneish M-score is below the -1.78 line; none of the six cross-checks between its statements fires.
Revenue, fiscal 20252.1B+9.4% a year over 9 years
Operating margin12.6%gross margin 35.5%
Return on invested capital15.2%15.7% on average over 5 years
Free cash flow after stock pay180.3M8.5% of revenue
Net debt ÷ EBITDANet cash67.8M more cash than debt
Piotroski F-score6/9tests of improvement passed
Is it growing?
Revenue and the operating income it turns into. Growth that does not reach operating income is growth bought with margin.
RevenueOperating income
01.0B2.0B3.0B
2016Revenue 949.9MOperating income 112.1M
2017Revenue 1.1BOperating income 107.2M
2018Revenue 1.3BOperating income 132.0M
2019Revenue 1.3BOperating income 127.1M
2020Revenue 1.2BOperating income 130.5M
2021Revenue 1.7BOperating income 189.2M
2022Revenue 2.0BOperating income 257.2M
2023Revenue 2.1BOperating income 262.4M
2024Revenue 2.0BOperating income 243.6M
2025Revenue 2.1BOperating income 269.0M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Compound growth a year
3 yrs
5 yrs
9 yrs
Revenue
+1.4%
+11.3%
+9.4%
Operating income
+1.5%
+15.6%
+10.2%
Net income
-7.7%
+7.9%
+7.2%
Earnings per share
-6.7%
+8.5%
+7.5%
Free cash flow per share
+49.6%
+1.0%
+11.2%
Dividend per share
+11.8%
+11.6%
+11.6%
Shares
-1.1%
-0.5%
-0.3%
Falling shares are buybacks: each remaining share owns more of the company.
Does it earn more than its capital costs?
Margins say how much of each sale is kept; return on invested capital says how much the business earns on the money it needs to operate. Growth only creates value when that return is above the cost of the capital.
Return on invested capitalCost of capital today · 10.2%
0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%
2016Return on invested capital 13.2%
2017Return on invested capital 10.1%
2018Return on invested capital 13.7%
2019Return on invested capital 12.8%
2020Return on invested capital 12.6%
2021Return on invested capital 14.8%
2022Return on invested capital 17.3%
2023Return on invested capital 17.3%
2024Return on invested capital 13.8%
2025Return on invested capital 15.2%
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Economic profit
Economic profit
-25.0M025.0M50.0M75.0M100.0M
2016Economic profit 19.6M
2017Economic profit -874,689
2018Economic profit 29.7M
2019Economic profit 21.2M
2020Economic profit 20.3M
2021Economic profit 48.4M
2022Economic profit 85.0M
2023Economic profit 87.0M
2024Economic profit 50.1M
2025Economic profit 67.8M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
(return on capital − cost of capital) × capital invested: the profit left after paying for the money used. Today's cost of capital is applied to every year, since a past one cannot be rebuilt honestly.
Return on equity
11.1%
Return on assets
7.6%
Asset turnover
1.10×
Research & development
0.9% of revenue
Overheads (SG&A)
22.8% of revenue
Is the profit cash, and where does the cash go?
Net income is an accounting opinion; free cash flow is what was left in the bank after investing. Stock-based pay does not leave the bank — shareholders pay it through dilution — so it is shown taken off as well.
Net incomeFree cash flowAfter stock-based pay
0100.0M200.0M300.0M
2016Net income 78.7MFree cash flow 76.2MAfter stock-based pay 69.3M
2017Net income 78.2MFree cash flow 33.3MAfter stock-based pay 26.2M
2018Net income 105.9MFree cash flow 106.0MAfter stock-based pay 97.6M
2019Net income 95.5MFree cash flow 155.8MAfter stock-based pay 146.9M
2020Net income 100.5MFree cash flow 189.0MAfter stock-based pay 178.9M
2021Net income 153.9MFree cash flow 99.6MAfter stock-based pay 87.9M
2022Net income 187.3MFree cash flow 59.8MAfter stock-based pay 48.8M
2023Net income 193.3MFree cash flow 274.3MAfter stock-based pay 264.2M
2024Net income 180.3MFree cash flow 219.7MAfter stock-based pay 207.6M
2025Net income 147.1MFree cash flow 193.5MAfter stock-based pay 180.3M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Where 10 years of operating cash went, 2016–2025
1.7B generated by the business. Each band is its share of that total.
Reinvested in the business 19%340.2M
Acquisitions 32%566.1M
Dividends 19%328.4M
Share buybacks 24%412.0M
Kept, or used to pay down debt 6%100.8M
Over the same years it paid 99.6M in stock. The share count fell 2.6%. 312.4M of the buybacks went beyond offsetting that dilution.
Per share
Earnings per shareFree cash flow per shareDividend per share
$0.00$2.00$4.00$6.00
2016Earnings per share $1.69Free cash flow per share $1.63Dividend per share $0.41
2017Earnings per share $1.66Free cash flow per share $0.71Dividend per share $0.43
2018Earnings per share $2.25Free cash flow per share $2.26Dividend per share $0.48
2019Earnings per share $2.04Free cash flow per share $3.33Dividend per share $0.59
2020Earnings per share $2.15Free cash flow per share $4.05Dividend per share $0.64
2021Earnings per share $3.27Free cash flow per share $2.12Dividend per share $0.71
2022Earnings per share $3.99Free cash flow per share $1.27Dividend per share $0.79
2023Earnings per share $4.12Free cash flow per share $5.85Dividend per share $0.89
2024Earnings per share $3.88Free cash flow per share $4.72Dividend per share $1.01
2025Earnings per share $3.23Free cash flow per share $4.25Dividend per share $1.10
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Shares outstanding
Diluted shares
45.5M46.0M46.5M47.0M
2016Diluted shares 46.7M
2017Diluted shares 47.0M
2018Diluted shares 47.0M
2019Diluted shares 46.8M
2020Diluted shares 46.7M
2021Diluted shares 47.0M
2022Diluted shares 47.0M
2023Diluted shares 46.9M
2024Diluted shares 46.5M
2025Diluted shares 45.5M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
How strong is the balance sheet?
Debt is not bad in itself; debt the business cannot service in a bad year is. Net debt is debt minus cash, and below zero the company holds more cash than it owes.
Net debt
-200.0M-100.0M0100.0M
2016Net debt -70.6M
2017Net debt 33.2M
2018Net debt 52.8M
2019Net debt -42.5M
2020Net debt -128.2M
2021Net debt 57.4M
2022Net debt 81.0M
2023Net debt -72.6M
2024Net debt -102.7M
2025Net debt -67.8M
2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Net debt ÷ EBITDA
-0.2×
Interest coverage
25× operating income ÷ interest
Current ratio
2.79 current assets ÷ current liabilities
Cash conversion cycle
143 days collects in 42d, stock 147d, pays in 46d
Three classic screens of the accounts
Each asks a different question of the same statements — is it improving, does it look like a company heading for distress, do the accounts resemble ones that were manipulated. None is a verdict; each shows what moves it.
Piotroski F-score
Is the business improving? Nine yes-or-no tests, this year against last.
6of 9 tests passed
✓ProfitableReturn on assets above zeropassed
✓Cash from operationsOperating cash flow above zeropassed
✕Profitability improvedReturn on assets higher than a year beforefailed
✓Profit backed by cashOperating cash flow above net income (low accruals)passed
✓Less long-term debtLong-term debt as a share of assets fellpassed
✓More liquidCurrent ratio higher than a year beforepassed
✓No new sharesShare count did not growpassed
✕Better gross marginGross margin higher than a year beforefailed
✕Sells more per assetAsset turnover higher than a year beforefailed
Where it misleads: it measures change, not level. An excellent business that stood still for a year scores low; a poor one recovering from a disaster scores high.
Altman Z''-score
Does the balance sheet look like those of companies that went bankrupt?
7.05safe zone
1.12.6
Working capital ÷ assets 0.32 × 6.56+2.07
Retained earnings ÷ assets 0.56 × 3.26+1.82
Operating income ÷ assets 0.14 × 6.72+0.93
Equity ÷ liabilities 2.13 × 1.05+2.23
Where it misleads: buybacks. A company that returns so much cash that its equity turns small or negative sinks the last two ratios without being anywhere near bankruptcy. Banks and insurers do not fit the model at all.
Beneish M-score
Do the accounts resemble those of companies that manipulated their earnings?
-2.50below the -1.78 line
-1.78
Receivables vs sales 1.03+0.95
Gross margin slipping 1.00+0.53
Soft assets 1.09+0.44
Sales growth 1.05+0.94
Slower depreciation 1.00+0.12
Overheads vs sales 0.98-0.17
Profit not in cash -0.05-0.22
Leverage rising 0.74-0.24
Where it misleads: fast growth and acquisitions. Sales growth carries a heavy weight, so a company growing 50% a year scores like a suspect without having done anything. It is a screen from a 1999 study, not an accusation.
Where the statements disagree
Cross-checks between the income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow for the latest year, each with the benign reading and the worrying one.
None of the six cross-checks fires for the latest year: receivables and inventory move with revenue, profit turns into cash, investment keeps up with depreciation, the tax rate is ordinary and debt is moderate.
What is it worth, under which assumptions?
A company is worth the cash it will generate, brought back to today. This model projects revenue with growth that fades over the years, applies a free cash flow margin, and discounts the result at the cost of capital. Every assumption says where it came from, and all of them can be changed.
Value per share, with these assumptions$91.84discounted at 10.2% a year · 52% of it from after year 10
Type a share price on the left to ask the reverse questions: what growth, what margin or what discount rate that price implies.
What the value implies, in the usual multiples
At this model's value
Price ÷ earnings
28.4×
Enterprise value ÷ EBITDA
12.4×
Enterprise value ÷ revenue
1.9×
Free cash flow yield
4.3%
From cash flows to a value per share
10 years of cash flow, today2.0B
Everything after, today2.1B
The whole business4.1B
Plus net cash67.8M
What belongs to shareholders4.2B
Divided among 45.5M shares: <strong>$91.84</strong> each.
The projection next to its history
Reported free cash flow after stock pay, then the model's. A projection that looks nothing like the past needs a reason.
ReportedProjected
0200.0M400.0M600.0M
2016Reported 69.3M
2017Reported 26.2M
2018Reported 97.6M
2019Reported 146.9M
2020Reported 178.9M
2021Reported 87.9M
2022Reported 48.8M
2023Reported 264.2M
2024Reported 207.6M
2025Reported 180.3M
2026Projected 239.0M
2027Projected 264.1M
2028Projected 289.2M
2029Projected 313.7M
2030Projected 337.3M
2031Projected 359.2M
2032Projected 378.9M
2033Projected 396.0M
2034Projected 409.8M
2035Projected 420.1M
2016201820202022202420262028203020322034
Year by year
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Revenue
2.4B
2.6B
2.9B
3.1B
3.4B
3.6B
3.8B
3.9B
4.1B
4.2B
Growth
11.5%
10.5%
9.5%
8.5%
7.5%
6.5%
5.5%
4.5%
3.5%
2.5%
Cash margin
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
10.1%
Free cash flow
239.0M
264.1M
289.2M
313.7M
337.3M
359.2M
378.9M
396.0M
409.8M
420.1M
Worth today
216.9M
217.6M
216.3M
213.0M
207.8M
200.9M
192.4M
182.5M
171.5M
159.5M
If the least-known inputs move
Value per share as two inputs change at a time. Neighbouring cells that differ a lot are the conclusion: the value depends on numbers nobody knows to a point.
The discount rate and growth forever
discount ↓ · forever →
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
9.2%
95
100
106
113
121
9.7%
89
93
98
104
111
10.2%
83
87
92
97
103
10.7%
79
82
86
90
95
11.2%
74
77
81
85
89
Year-one growth and the final margin
margin ↓ · growth →
7.5%
9.5%
11.5%
13.5%
15.5%
8.1%
67
72
78
84
91
9.0%
73
79
85
92
99
10.1%
79
85
92
99
107
11.1%
84
91
99
107
115
12.1%
90
98
106
114
124
All the inputs moving at once
5,000 valuations, each with growth, final margin, discount rate and growth forever drawn at random around the values on the left (spreads of 3.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5%). Not a probability — the spreads are assumptions too — but an honest picture of how wide the answer is.
10th percentile$68.01
Median$92.07
90th percentile$125.84
$100.00$150.00
Half of the simulations land between <b>$78.22</b> and <b>$107.90</b>; one in ten below $68.01, one in ten above $125.84.
Does the long run make sense?
8.6×The terminal value prices the business in year 10 at 8.6 times that year's EBITDA.
Free growthIn year 10 free cash flow is at or above after-tax operating profit, yet the model grows 2.5% forever. Growth needs reinvestment; this assumes it comes for free, which flatters the terminal value.
52%of the value comes from after year 10. The more of it, the more the answer depends on the part nobody can see.
What lenders charge, after the tax saving on interest: 13.17% × (1 − 23.6%) = <strong>10.06%</strong>.
Weighted by how much of each the company uses (book value (no price given)): <strong>10.17%</strong>, the rate every future cash flow is discounted at.
What it has filed lately
The last twelve months at the SEC, most important first: annual and quarterly reports, events, large holders and insiders.
Every Form 4 filed in the last twelve months, read line by line: 6 filings by 5 people. Open-market purchases and sales are counted apart from awards, option exercises and shares withheld for taxes.
Bought on the open market—none in the period
Sold on the open market—none in the period
Under pre-arranged plans—of the sales followed a 10b5-1 plan set months earlier
A Form 4 says what happened, when, how many shares and at what price. It does not say why: a sale can be diversification, a tax bill or a plan fixed months earlier, and an award is pay, not a purchase. Nothing here is a reason to buy or sell anything.
Which large funds report holding it
From the Form 13F of the 28 institutions followed on this site, as of the end of their last reported quarter. A 13F is filed up to 45 days later and shows only long positions in US-listed shares.
Accounts from the company's own SEC filings; lines some companies do not report are shown as a dash rather than estimated. The risk-free rate is the 10-year US Treasury yield. A DCF is a way of making assumptions explicit, not a forecast: it states what the company would be worth if the assumptions held. The scores are screens that point where to look, not verdicts. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.